Redundant and lax eyelid skin and muscle is known as dermatochalasis. Dermatochalasis is a common finding seen in elderly persons and occasionally in young adults. Gravity, loss of elastic tissue in the skin, and weakening of the connective tissues of the eyelid frequently contribute to this lax and redundant eyelid tissue. These findings are more common in the upper eyelids but can be seen in the lower eyelids as well.
Some systemic diseases also may predispose patients to develop dermatochalasis. These include thyroid eye disease, renal failure, trauma, cutis laxa, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, amyloidosis, hereditary angioneurotic edema, and xanthelasma. Genetic factors may play a role in some patients.
Dermatochalasis can be a functional or cosmetic problem for the patients. When functional, dermatochalasis frequently obstructs the superior visual field. In addition, patients may note ocular irritation, entropion of the upper eyelid, ectropion of the lower eyelid, blepharitis, and dermatitis. When cosmetic, patients note a fullness or heaviness of the upper eyelids, "bags" in the lower eyelids, and wrinkles in the lower eyelids and the lateral canthus.
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